How Password-protect PDF works
PDF password protection encrypts a PDF with a password of your choice using AES-256, the level defined by the PDF 1.7 extended specification and read by Adobe Acrobat, macOS Preview and most modern viewers.
This matters for sensitive documents: salary slips, legal drafts, personal records. The password you choose is the only key, with no recovery mechanism by design, so store it in a password manager, a file encrypted here cannot be opened again without it.